VARIASI DIURNAL DAN MUSIMAN KEMUNCULAN LAPISAN E-SPORADIS DI ATAS SUMEDANG TAHUN 2015 (DIURNAL AND SEASONAL VARIATION OF THE OCCURRENCEOF SPORADIC-E LAYER OVER SUMEDANG IN 2015)
Abstract
Wind shear has been believed as the main mechanism behind the occurrence of E-sporadic layer in 90-120 km altitude. The occurrence of this layer is related to gravity wave, tidal wave, and globalscale atmospheric wave (planetary wave) with different periodicity. Meteor showers that happen annually may also influence the occurrence probability of E-sporadic layer, while Solar and geomagnetic activity contribute less significantly. In this article, E-Sporadic data obtained in Balai Pengamatan Atmosfer dan Antariksa Sumedang, Jawa Barat in 2015 was studied. The main purpose of the study is to understand the characteristics and occurrence pattern of E-sporadic layer in lowlatitude region. Conclusions can be deduced from the conducted analyses. Percentage of occurrence of E-sporadic layer (P) is relatively high during May-July and December-January period. The occurrence of E-sporadic layer with critical frequency higher than 2 MHz can be as high as 97%. The observed diurnal variation is the increase of P before midday followed by a significant decrease at 12:00 local time. The value of P rises again and peaks at around 16:00 local time and then declines as the photoionization rate diminishes through time. During May-July, E-sporadic layer with frequency above 6 MHz also occurred in night time. Further examinations are required to analyse the relation between E-sporadic occurrence during those time windows and the activity of high-flux meteor shower. Besides, diurnal and seasonal variations concluded in this study are expected to become rerference for space weather forecast which is demanded by stakeholders.
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ABSTRAK
Gesekan angin (wind shear) telah lama dipercaya sebagai mekanisme penyebab kemunculan lapisan E-Sporadis pada ketinggian 90-120 km. Kemunculan lapisan ini berkaitan dengan gelombang gravitasi, gelombang pasang-surut, serta gelombang atmosfer skala global (planetary wave) dengan perulangan yang berbeda. Hujan meteor yang terjadi setiap tahun juga dapat mempengaruhi probabilitas kemunculan lapisan E-Sporadis, sementara aktivitas Matahari dan geomagnet tidak banyak memberikan pengaruh. Pada artikel kali ini, data E-Sporadis hasil pengamatan di Balai Pengamatan Atmosfer dan Antariksa Sumedang, Jawa Barat sepanjang tahun 2015 telah dipelajari. Tujuan utamanya adalah untuk mengetahui karakteristik dan pola kemunculan lapisan E-Sporadis di daerah lintang rendah. Beberapa kesimpulan dapat dideduksi dari analisis yang dilakukan. Persentase kemunculan lapisan E-Sporadis (P) cukup tinggi pada bulan Mei-Juli serta DesemberJanuari. Persentase kemunculan lapisan E-Sporadis dengan frekuensi kritis lebih dari 2 MHz dapat mencapai 97%. Variasi diurnal yang teramati adalah peningkatan nilai P menjelang tengah hari yang diikuti penurunan sekitar pukul 12:00 waktu lokal. Nilai P kembali naik dan memuncak pada pukul 16:00 waktu lokal lalu menurun seiring berkurangnya laju ionisasi oleh radiasi Matahari. Pada bulan Mei-Juli, lapisan E-Sporadis dengan frekuensi lebih dari 6 MHz juga muncul pada malam hari. Pemeriksaan lebih lanjut perlu dilakukan untuk mengetahui kaitan antara kemunculan E-Sporadis pada rentang waktu tersebut dan aktivitas hujan meteor dengan fluks tinggi. Selain itu, variasi diurnal dan musiman yang diperoleh dalam studi ini dapat menjadi rujukan bagi proses ramalan cuaca antariksa yang diperlukan bagi sejumlah stakeholder.
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