PERUBAHAN KARAKTERISTIK PEMBENTUKAN POLIURETAN BERBASIS HTPB DAN TDI BERDASARKAN KOMPOSISI REAKSI (CHANGES IN THE FORMATION CHARACTERISTICS OF POLYURETHANE BASED ON HTPB AND TDI REACTION COMPOSITION)

Geni Rosita

Abstract

Polyurethane formation occurs through crosslinking of a reaction between the hydroxyl group (OH) of HTPB and isocyanate (NCO) of TDI. Polymer network formation reaction will be formed from the linear bond and a combination of crosslinking. At longer reaction, the polyurethane chains are formed increasingly long and followed by changes in the characteristics. If the reaction has been perfect then the polyurethane chain is  straight and it will become more flexible.  This research aimed to obtain polyurethane as fuel binder, which was indispendable in solid composite propellant manufacturing.

Several samples of existing HTPB were made into a different composition of HTPB/TDI. The process used  reaction kinetics methods based on the composition in order to obtain the mechanical properties of polyurethane.  Average molecular weight, crosslinking density, hardness, and swelling were analized to determine the quality of polyurethane as fuel-binder. The analysis was a consideration for determining the most suitable fuel-binder composition. It was also to test the quality of experimental HTPB produced by LAPAN HTPB Laboratory (HTPBlocal) as an initial procedure in the propellant manufacturing. The analysis showed different results for each composition. The compositions that could be used as the fuel-binder for the formation of polyurethanes were: HTPBA at 7: 1; HTPBB at 9: 1; HTPBC at 8: 1; and HTPBD at 8: 1; whereas HTPBE could not be used because required advanced processing.

 

Abstrak:

Pembentukan poliuretan terjadi melalui ikatan silang dari hasil reaksi antara gugus hidroksil (OH) dari HTPB dan gugus isosianat (NCO) dari TDI. Reaksi pembentukan jaringan polimer akan terbentuk dari hasil ikatan linier dan kombinasi ikatan silang. Semakin lama reaksi maka panjang rantai poliuretan yang terbentuk semakin panjang dan diikuti dengan perubahan karakteristik. Apabila reaksi telah sempurna maka rantai poliuretan adalah rantai lurus dan akan menjadi lebih fleksibel. Penelitian ini untuk memperoleh poliuretan sebagai fuel-binder yang diperlukan untuk pembuatan propelan padat komposit. Dari beberapa macam sampel HTPB yang ada, dibuat menjadi beberapa komposisi HTPB/TDI yang berbeda. Prosesnya menggunakan metode kinetika reaksi berdasarkan komposisi tersebut untuk mendapatkan sifat mekanik poliuretan. Untuk mengetahui kualitas poliuretan sebagai fuel binder dilakukan analisis berat molekul rata-rata ikatan silang, kerapatan ikatan silang, kekerasan, dan swelling (derajat pengembangan polimer) sebagai bahan pertimbangan untuk menentukan komposisi fuel binder terpilih dan juga untuk menguji kualitas HTPB hasil experimen Lab HTPB LAPAN (HTPBlocal). Analisis menunjukkan hasil yang berbeda-beda untuk masing-masing komposisi. Komposisi yang dapat digunakan sebagai fuel-binder untuk pembentukan poliuretan adalah: HTPBA pada 7:1; HTPBB pada 9:1; HTPBC pada 8:1; dan HTPBD pada 8:1; sedangkan HTPBE tidak dapat digunakan karena masih membutuhkan pengolahan lanjutan.

Keywords

cross-lingking; polymer; chain of polymer; swelling; HTPB; TDI; Ikatan silang; polimer; panjang rantai

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.30536/j.jtd.2016.v14.a2420

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