Integrated Quality Analysis Method of Aluminum for Composite Propellant Production
Abstract
Quality analysis of Aluminum powder for solid fuel composite propellant was carried out to determine the critical parameters of the composite propellant characteristics. Two types of aluminum were analyzed for quality, including bulk density and true density using the Archimedes principle, particle shape, and size using SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope), crystallinity, and purity using XRD (Xray Diffraction), particle area with BET (Brunnauer-Emmet-Teller) and BJH (Barret-Joyner-Halenda) adsorption isotherm. To test the composite propellant made with 87.5% solid content and 18% AL content, then tested the characteristics of the propellant. The results of the analysis of the quality of aluminum for composite propellant raw materials have a very large influence on the quality of the resulting propellant, so an integrated, quick, and efficient quality analysis is needed. The critical parameters of Aluminum quality as propellant fuel are density, purity, particle shape and size, porosity/surface area, and crystallinity. Fast and efficient integrated analysis can be performed using new instruments, such as shape and size analysis with SEM, purity and crystallinity analysis with XRD, density analysis with a densitometer. AL2 which have smaller particle size, better density and shape parameters value, less pores and surface area than AL1, can be used to produce a higher quality composite propellant.
Â
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Allen, Terence. (1990) Particle size measurement. Chapman and Hall.
Amidon, G. E., Meyer, P. J. and Mudie, D. M. (2017) “Particle, Powder, and Compact Characterization,†in Developing Solid Oral Dosage Forms. Elsevier. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-802447-8.00010-8.
Babuk, V. et al. (2009) “Nanoaluminum as a Solid Propellant Fuel,†Journal of Propulsion and Power, 25(2). doi: 10.2514/1.36841.
Bardestani, R., Patience, G. S. and Kaliaguine, S. (2019) “Experimental methods in chemical engineering: specific surface area and pore size distribution measurements—BET, BJH, and DFT,†The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering, 97(11). doi: 10.1002/cjce.23632.
Eisenbies, M. H. et al. (2019) "Three bulk density measurement methods provide different results for commercial-scale harvests of willow biomass chips," Biomass and Bioenergy, 124. doi: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2019.03.015.
Forte, G. et al. (2018) “Using a Freeman FT4 rheometer and Electrical Capacitance Tomography to assess powder blending,†Powder Technology, 337. doi: 10.1016/j.powtec.2017.12.020.
Gligorijević, N. et al. (2014) Mechanical Properties of HTPB Composite Propellants in the Initial Period of Service Life, Scientific Technical Review.
Holder, C. F. and Schaak, R. E. (2019) “Tutorial on Powder X-ray Diffraction for Characterizing Nanoscale Materials,†ACS Nano, 13(7). doi: 10.1021/acsnano.9b05157.
Hutauruk, J., Bura, R. O. and Wibowo, H. B. (2020) “CHARACTERIZATION OF SIZE AND SHAPE OF AMMONIUM PERCHLORATE PARTICLE FROM CHINA, SOUTH KOREA, AND INDONESIA AND THEIR INFLUENCES ON PROPERTIES OF PROPELLANT,†Jurnal Teknologi Dirgantara, 18(1). doi: 10.30536/j.jtd.2020.v18.a3346.
Joshi, N. et al. (2017) “Investigating water adsorption onto natural mineral dust particles: Linking DRIFTS experiments and BET theory,†Aeolian Research, 27. doi: 10.1016/j.aeolia.2017.06.001.
Kanagaraj, G., Chakravarthy, S. and Sarathi, R. (2017) “Combustion Mechanism of Composite Solid Propellant Sandwiches Containing Nano-Aluminium,†Combustion and Flame: https://authors.elsevier.com/a/1Uy-z2KiHIgHN, 182, pp. 64–75. doi: 10.1016/j.combustflame.2017.04.024.
Kiani, P. et al. (2020) “A Statistical Analysis of Powder Flowability in Metal Additive Manufacturing,†Advanced Engineering Materials, 22(10). doi: 10.1002/adem.202000022.
Kim, H., Han, J. and Han, T. Y.-J. (2020) “Machine vision-driven automatic recognition of particle size and morphology in SEM images,†Nanoscale, 12(37). doi: 10.1039/D0NR04140H.
Kornilov, A. and Safonov, I. (2018) “An Overview of Watershed Algorithm Implementations in Open Source Libraries,†Journal of Imaging, 4(10). doi: 10.3390/jimaging4100123.
Li, X. and Olofsson, U. (2017) “A study on friction and wear reduction due to porosity in powder metallurgic gear materials,†Tribology International, 110. doi: 10.1016/j.triboint.2017.02.008.
Mahmoud, M. G. et al. (2021) "The Use of Rare Earth Metals in Al-Si–Cu Casting Alloys," International Journal of Metalcasting. doi: 10.1007/s40962-021-00640-5.
Mel’gunov, M. S. and Ayupov, A. B. (2017) “Direct method for evaluation of BET adsorbed monolayer capacity,†Microporous and Mesoporous Materials, 243. doi: 10.1016/j.micromeso.2017.02.019.
Mohazzab, P. (2017) “Archimedes’ Principle Revisited,†Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics, 05(04). doi: 10.4236/jamp.2017.54073.
NourEldin, A. F. et al. (2020) “An experimental study on mechanical and ballistic characteristics of different HTPB composite propellant formulations,†IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 973. doi: 10.1088/1757-899X/973/1/012030.
Seyda, V., Herzog, D. and Emmelmann, C. (2017) “Relationship between powder characteristics and part properties in laser beam melting of Ti–6Al–4V, and implications on quality,†Journal of Laser Applications, 29(2). doi: 10.2351/1.4983240.
Wang, J. and Yang, Z. (2019) “Effect of non-spherical particles on nozzle two-phase flow loss in nano-iron powder metal fuel motor,†Aerospace Science and Technology, 91. doi: 10.1016/j.ast.2019.05.022.
Wibowo, H. B. (2018) “Current solid propellant research and development in Indonesia and its future direction,†Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1130. doi: 10.1088/1742-6596/1130/1/012027.
Wibowo, H. B. (2019) “KAJIAN PROGRAM PENINGKATAN KINERJA PROPELAN KOMPOSIT BERBASIS AP/HTPB/AL,†Jurnal Teknologi Dirgantara, 16(2). doi: 10.30536/j.jtd.2018.v16.a3002.
Wilson, R. M. (2012) “Archimedes’s principle gets updated,†Physics Today, 65(9). doi: 10.1063/PT.3.1701.
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
