REDUKSI SEBAGAI METODE PROSES SINTESA TOLUEN DIAMIN MENGGANTIKAN HIDROGENASI

Abstract

The 420 RPS Rocket is developed by LAPAN by using a composite solid propellant as its fuel containing Toluene diisocyanate (TDI) as the fuel hardener, Hydroxyl Terminated Polybutadiene (HTPB) as the fuel binder. Both TDI and HTPB are obtained by Import. In the purpose of autonomy in space technology, it is important to conduct research and develop TDI ourself. The TDI can be prepared in four steps from its raw materials. Fisrt, nitration of toluene to yield dinitrotoluene (DNT), next hidrogenation DNT to yield Toluenediamine (TDA), the reaction of TDA with Dimethyl carbonate (DMC) to yield Toluene dicarbamate (TDC), then finally thermolysis TDC to yield TDI. Besides Hydrogenation, TDA also can be synthesized from DNT by reduction. The hydrogenation process, H2 gas is from outside, while in the reduction, H2 is evolved by the reactant. The comparison of both methods, the reduction is better because, TDA is easier to be obtained and has a smaller risk. while in the hydrogenation process, TDA has yet to yield at the pressure of 9 barand at the temperature of 160degreeC.